Description
An amazing photograph, displaying him with dust glasses taken from the British Army.
Geyr von Schweppenburg (2 March 1886 – 27 January 1974) was a German general during World War II who is noted for his pioneering stance and expertise in the field of armoured warfare.[2][3] He commanded the 5th Panzer Army (formalised as Panzer Group West) during the Invasion of Normandy, and later served as Inspector General of Armoured Troops. After the war, he was involved in the development of the newly-built German Army (Bundeswehr).
Freiherr von Geyr was born in 1886 in Potsdam into the Prussian military aristocracy and descended from a family that had produced two Prussian field marshalls.[4] He joined the German Army in 1904. In World War I, he fought on several fronts and rose to the rank of captain. After the war, he remained in the army, becoming an Oberst in 1932 and a Generalmajor in 1935.
From 1933 to 1937, he was a military attaché to the United Kingdom, Belgium and the Netherlands and resided in London. Promoted to Generalleutnant upon his return from London, he took command of the 3rd Panzer (armoured) Division in 1937.[5]
World War II
From 1 September to 7 October 1939, Geyr commanded the 3rd Panzer Division during the invasion of Poland, where it was the most numerically powerful Panzer Division, with 391 tanks.[6] For a victory at Kulm, he was praised on the battlefield by Hitler, who had visited the division in recognition for its achievements in Poland.[7] He was promoted to General der Kavallerie of the XXIV Panzer Corps on 15 February 1940. In 1940, he commanded the XXIV Panzer Corps in the Invasion of France. In 1941, in the invasion of the Soviet Union, Geyr’s XXIV Panzer Corps was part of General Heinz Guderian’s Second Panzer Army, and consisted of all of Guderian’s major tank units.[8] On 9 July 1941, he was awarded the Knight’s Cross of the Iron Cross as General der Panzertruppe.[9] By early November 1941, Geyr’s Panzer Corps commanded the 3rd, 4th, and 17th Panzer Divisions, the panzer regiment from the 18th Panzer Division, as well as the Infantry Regiment Großdeutschland, and spearheaded the advance of Army Group Centre during the Battle of Moscow.[8]
From 21 July 1942, taking over from the court-martialed Georg Stumme,[10] to 30 September 1942, he was commanding General of the XXXX Panzer Corps, taking part in the fighting in the Caucasus. Geyr was relieved in a command cadre shakeup at the end of September 1942.[10]
In the spring of 1943, Field Marshal Gerd von Rundstedt ordered Geyr to prepare a force of 10 Panzer and motorised infantry divisions. On 19 November 1943, Geyr’s command was formalised as Panzer Group West, which had responsibility for the training and formation of all armoured units in the west. The group of armoured divisions near Paris constituted the Germans’ main force of tanks in France. In the event of an Allied landing on the northern French coast, Panzer Group West was expected to counterattack northward and to halt the invasion force.[11]
The Allied invasion of Normandy took place on 6 June 1944. By 8 June, Geyr had moved three panzer divisions northward against British and Canadian forces advancing on the town of Caen.
On, Royal Air Force aircraft attacked his newly-established headquarters at La Caine in Normandy. Geyr was wounded and many of his staff officers were killed, which forced the cancellation of the counterattack.[12]
Geyr’s reinforced tank units managed to prevent the British advance for another month, but he was nevertheless relieved of his command on 2 July after seconding Rundstedt’s request for Hitler to authorize a strategic withdrawal from Caen.[13][14][15] He was succeeded by Heinrich Eberbach on 4 July and served as Inspector General of Armoured Troops until the closing phase of the war
